CHAP. 27.—REMEDIES FOR THE BITE OF THE PHALANGIUM. THE
SEVERAL VARIETIES OF THAT INSECT, AND OF THE SPIDER.
Of the phalangium,
1 an insect unknown to Italy, there are
numerous kinds; one of which resembles the ant, but is much
larger, with a red head, black as to the other parts of the
body, and covered with white spots. Its sting is much more
acute than that of the wasp, and it lives mostly in the vicinity
of ovens and mills. The proper remedy is, to present before
the eyes of the person stung another insect of the same description, a purpose for which they are preserved when found
dead. Their husks also, found in a dry state, are beaten up
and taken in drink for a similar purpose. The young of the
weasel, too, as already
2 stated, are possessed of a similar property. The Greeks give the name of "phalangion" also to a
kind of spider, but they generally distinguish it by the surname
of the "wolf."
3 A third kind, also known as the "phalangium," is a spider with a hairy
4 body, and a head of enormous
size. When opened, there are found in it two small worms,
they say: these, attached in a piece of deer's skin, before sunrise, to a woman's body, will prevent conception, according to
what Cæcilius, in his Commentaries, says. This property lasts,
however, for a year only; and, indeed, it is the only one of all
the anti-conceptives
5 that I feel myself at liberty to mention,
in favour of some women whose fecundity, quite teeming with
children,
6 stands in need of some such respite.
There is another kind again, called "rhagion,"
7 similar to
a black grape in appearance, with a very diminutive mouth,
situate beneath the abdomen, and extremely short legs, which
have all the appearance of not being fully developed. The bite
of this last insect causes fully as much pain as the sting of the
scorpion, and the urine of persons who are injured by it, presents filmy appearances like cobwebs. The asterion
8 would be
identical with it, were it not distinguished by white streaks
upon the body: its bite causes failing in the knees. But
worse than either of these last, is a blue spider, covered with
black hair, and causing dimness of the sight and vomiting of
a matter like cobwebs in appearance. A still more dangerous
kind is one which differs only from the hornet, in form, in
being destitute of wings, and the bite of which causes a
wasting away of the system. The myrmecion
9 in the head
resembles the ant, has a black body spotted with white, and
causes by its bite a pain like that attendant upon the sting of
the wasp. Of the tetragnathius
10 there are two varieties, the
more noxious of which has two white streaks crossing each
other on the middle of the head; its bite causes the mouth
to swell. The other one is of an ashy colour, whitish on the
posterior part of the body, and not so ready to bite.
The least noxious of all is the spider that is seen extending
its web along the walls, and lying in wait for flies; it is of the
same ashy colour as the last.
For the bite of all spiders, the best remedies are: a cock's
brains, taken in oxycrate with a little pepper; five ants, swallowed in drink; sheep's dung, applied in vinegar; and spiders
of any kind, left to putrefy in oil. The bite of the shrewmouse is cured by taking lamb's rennet in wine; the ashes of a
ram's foot with honey; or a young weasel, prepared in manner
already
11 mentioned by us when speaking of serpents. In
cases where a shrewmouse has bitten beasts of burden, a mouse,.
fresh caught, is applied to the wound with oil, or a bat's gall
with vinegar. The shrew-mouse itself too, split asunder and
applied to the wound, is a cure for its bite; indeed, if the
animal is with young when the injury is inflicted, it will
instantly burst asunder. The best plan is to apply the mouse
itself which has inflicted the bite, but others are commonly
kept for this purpose, either steeped in oil or coated with clay.
Another remedy, again, for its bite is the earth taken from the
rut made by a cart-wheel; for this animal, it is said, owing
to a certain torpor which is natural to it, will never cross
12
a rut made by a wheel.