Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 33
Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. Professor of Latin and Head of the Department of Classics in the University of Pittsburgh, Ed.

3. Philip, too, seeing that his ambassadors had brought from Rome no indication of peace, at the [2] beginning of spring decided to conduct a levy through all the towns of his kingdom, since he was in great want of young recruits. [3] For the continuous fighting through several generations had exhausted the Macedonians; during his own reign many had fallen in naval battles with the Rhodians and Attalus and in engagements with the Romans on land. [4] He therefore enlisted recruits from the age of sixteen, and some who had served their allotted time but still possessed some share of strength were recalled to the colours. He thus filled up his ranks, and ordered a muster of all his troops at Dium¹ about the time of the vernal equinox. [5] There he established a base and spent the time of waiting for the enemy in drilling his troops daily. [6] Quinctius also meanwhile had left Elatia and marched to Thermopylae by way of Thronium and Scarphea. [7] There he held the Aetolian council, summoned to meet at Heraclea, to determine with how many troops they should follow the Romans to the war. [8] Having learned the decision of the allies, he advanced in three days from Heraclea to Xyniae, on the frontier of the Aenianes and Thessalians and made camp and waited for the Aetolian auxiliaries. These made haste, and six hundred infantry and four hundred cavalry arrived, commanded by Phaeneas. [9] Quinctius broke camp at once, so as to leave no doubt why he had waited. [10] When he had [p. 285]crossed the border into the Phthiotic country, five² hundred Gortynii from Crete under the command of Cydas and three hundred from Apollonia, armed in the same fashion,³ joined him and a little later Amynander arrived with twelve hundred infantry of the Athamanes.

Philip learned of the departure of the Romans from Elatia, and since he was in a situation where a contest for supreme power impended, he determined to encourage his troops. [11] After he had repeated many oft-told stories of the brave deeds of their forefathers [12] and also of the martial glory of the Macedonians, he came to the points which at that time were causing them the greatest terror and by which they could be roused to some degree of hopefulness.