PART 10
And respecting the seasons, one may judge whether the year will prove
sickly or healthy from the following observations:
1- If the appearances
connected with the rising and setting stars be as they should be;
if there be rains in autumn; if the winter be mild, neither very tepid
nor unseasonably cold, and if in spring the rains be seasonable, and
so also in summer, the year is likely to prove healthy. But if the
winter be dry and northerly, and the spring showery and southerly,
the summer will necessarily be of a febrile character, and give rise
to ophthalmies and dysenteries. For when suffocating heat sets in
all of a sudden, while the earth is moistened by the vernal showers,
and by the south wind, the heat is necessarily doubled from the earth,
which is thus soaked by rain and heated by a burning sun, while, at
the same time, men's bellies are not in an orderly state, nor the
brain properly dried; for it is impossible, after such a spring, but
that the body and its flesh must be loaded with humors, so that very
acute fevers will attack all, but especially those of a phlegmatic
constitution. Dysenteries are also likely to occur to women and those
of a very humid temperament. And if at the rising of the Dogstar rain
and wintery storms supervene, and if the etesian winds blow, there
is reason to hope that these diseases will cease, and that the autumn
will be healthy; but if not, it is likely to be a fatal season to
children and women, but least of all to old men; and that convalescents
will pass into quartans, and from quartans into dropsies; but if the
winter be southerly, showery and mild, but the spring northerly, dry,
and of a wintry character, in the first place women who happen to
be with child, and whose accouchement should take place in spring,
are apt to miscarry; and such as bring forth, have feeble and sickly
children, so that they either die presently or are
[p. 30]tender, feeble,
and sickly, if they live. Such is the case with the women. The others
are subject to dysenteries and dry ophthalmies, and some have catarrhs
beginning in the head and descending to the lungs. Men of a phlegmatic
temperament are likely to have dysenteries; and women, also, from
the humidity of their nature, the phlegm descending downwards from
the brain; those who are bilious, too, have dry ophthalmies from the
heat and dryness of their flesh; the aged, too, have catarrhs from
their flabbiness and melting of the veins, so that some of them die
suddenly and some become paralytic on the right side or the left.
For when, the winter being southerly and the body hot, the blood and
veins are not properly constringed; a spring that is northerly, dry,
and cold, having come on, the brain when it should have been expanded
and purged, by the coryza and hoarseness is then constringed and contracted,
so that the summer and the heat occurring suddenly, and a change supervening,
these diseases fall out. And such cities as lie well to the sun and
winds, and use good waters, feel these changes less, but such as use
marshy and pooly waters, and lie well both as regards the winds and
the sun, these all feel it more. And if the summer be dry, those diseases
soon cease, but if rainy, they are protracted; and there is danger
of any sore that there is becoming phagedenic from any cause; and
lienteries and dropsies supervene at the conclusion of diseases; for
the bowels are not readily dried up. And if the summer be rainy and
southerly, and next the autumn, the winter must, of necessity, be
sickly, and ardent fevers are likely to attack those that are phlegmatic,
and more elderly than forty years, and pleurisies and peripneumonies
those that are bilious. But if the summer is parched and northerly,
but the autumn rainy and southerly, headache and sphacelus of the
brain are likely to occur; and in addition hoarseness, coryza, coughs,
and in some cases, consumption. But if the season is northerly and
without water, there being no rain, neither after the Dogstar nor
Arcturus; this state agrees best with those who are naturally phlegmatic,
with those who are of a humid temperament, and with women; but it
is most inimical to the bilious; for they become much parched up,
and ophthalmies of a dry nature supervene, fevers both acute and chronic,
[p. 31]
and in some cases melancholy; for the most humid and watery part of
the bile being consumed, the thickest and most acrid portion is left,
and of the blood likewise, when these diseases came upon them. But
all these are beneficial to the phlegmatic, for they are thereby dried
up, and reach winter not oppressed with humors, but with them dried
up.
