Aristotle, Rhetoric, book 1, chapter 3, section 2

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[2] Now the hearer must necessarily be either a mere spectator or a judge, and a judge either of things past or of things to come.¹ For instance, a member of the general assembly is a judge of things to come; the dicast, of things past; the mere spectator, of the ability of the speaker.

1 All three kinds of hearers are regarded as judges （the mere spectator as a “critic”）, although strictly κριτής should be limited to the law courts.

Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 22, translated by J. H. Freese. Aristotle. Cambridge and London. Harvard University Press; William Heinemann Ltd. 1926.

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