After the battle had ended in the way we
have described, the Greeks buried their dead, of which there were more than ten thousand. And
after dividing up the booty according to the number of the soldiers, they made their decision
as to the award for valour, and in response to the urging of Aristeides they bestowed the prize
for cities upon Sparta and for men upon Pausanias
the Lacedaemonian. Meanwhile Artabazus with as many as four hundred thousand of the fleeing
Persians made his way through Phocis into Macedonia, availing himself of the quickest routes, and got back
safely together with the soldiers into Asia.
[2]
The Greeks, taking a tenth
part of the spoils, made a gold tripod1 and set it up in Delphi as a thank-offering to the God, inscribing on it the following
couplet:“
This is the gift the saviours of far-flung Hellas upraised here,
Having delivered their states from loathsome slavery's bonds.
”2Inscriptions were also
set up for the Lacedaemonians who died at Thermopylae; for the whole body of them as follows:“
Here on a time there strove with two hundred myriads of foemen
Soldiers in number but four thousand from Pelops' fair Isle;
”and for the Spartans alone as follows:“
To Lacedaemon's folk, O stranger,
carry the message,
How we lie here in this place, faithful and true to their laws.
”3
[3]
In like manner the citizen-body
of the Athenians embellished the tombs of those who had perished in the Persian War, held the
Funeral Games then for the first time, and passed a law that laudatory addresses upon men who
were buried at the public expense should be delivered by speakers selected for each occasion.
[4]
After the events we have
described Pausanias the general advanced with the army against Thebes and demanded for punishment the men who had been responsible for the
alliance of Thebes with the Persians. And the
Thebans were so overawed by the multitude of their enemy and by their prowess in battle, that
the men most responsible for their desertion from the Greeks agreed of their own accord to
being handed over, and they all received at the hands of Pausanias the punishment of death.
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Contents of the Eleventh Book of Diodorus
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1 The gold tripod proper was carried off by the Phocians in the Sacred War. But the bronze pillar, eighteen feet high, which supported it and was composed of three intertwined serpents, was removed by the emperor Constantine and is still to be seen in the Atmeidan (formerly Hippodrome) in Instanbul. It carries the names of thirty-one Greek states which took part in the Persian Wars, and the opening words of the inscription as well as the statement of Thuc. 1.132 show that it was a memorial for the entire war, and not for the battle of Plataea alone, as the context of Diodorus would suggest and as the geographer Pausanias (Paus. 5.23.1; Paus. 10.13.9） specifically states.
2 This inscription is found in Diodorus, and is dubiously attributed to Simonides (frag. 102 Diehl; 168 Edmonds).
3 Hdt. 7.228 states that these two inscriptions were set up at Thermopylae, as indeed they were. They are commonly ascribed to Simonides (frags. 91, 92 Diehl; 118, 119 Edmonds, both of whom prefer the text of Herodotus).
Diodorus Siculus. Diodorus of Sicily in Twelve Volumes with an English Translation by C. H. Oldfather. Vol. 4-8. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989.
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- A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), THESEIA
- Smith's Bio, Artaba'zus
- Smith's Bio, Pausa'nias
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