[p. 490]
WERE THE ATHENIANS MORE
FAMOUS IN WAR OR IN
WISDOM?
(BELLONE AN PACE CLARIORES FUERINT
ATHENIENSES)
INTRODUCTION
Plutarch's discussion whether the Athenians were
more famous in war or in wisdom, sometimes referred
to by a briefer title.
De Gloria Atheniensium, is an
epideictic oration like the preceding essays ; we may
perhaps infer from the words (345 f), ‘This city has
been the mother and kindly nurse of many other
arts,’ that it was delivered at Athens. Like the
preceding essays, it closes abruptly, and again we do
not know the reason therefor.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his introduction to the
translation of Plutarch revised by Goodwin, says,
‘The vigor of his pen appears in the chapter
‘Whether the Athenians were more Warlike or
Learned . . .’’ It is strange that this vigour
should be devoted to glorifying the men of arms
and vilifying the men of letters, and yet this is
precisely what Plutarch attempts to do in this essay.
It is true that he lived in an era of profound peace,
when the horrors of war were remote, but it is
somewhat surprising to find him arguing for this
thesis, especially since he shows by incidental statements that he is thoroughly aware of the contributions
that Athens has made to literature. We may, then,
be justified in the inference that the essay is a
tour
de force, like other rhetorical discussions which were
[p. 491]
popular in Plutarch's day ; it does not necessarily
represent his own belief.
Many of the historical references will be found in
an amplified form in the
Lives.
The essay is no. 197 in Lamprias's list of Plutarch's
works where it bears the simpler title, ‘In what
were the Athenians famous?’ (
Κατὰ τί ἔνδοξοι
Αθηναῖοι;).