CHAP. 19.—THE PECULIAR CHARACTER OF THE LION.
The lion is the only one of all the wild beasts that shows
mercy to the suppliant; after it has conquered, it will spare,
1
and when enraged, it will vent its fury rather upon men
than women, and never upon children, unless when greatly
pressed by hunger. It is the belief in Libya, that it fully understands the entreaties which are addressed to it. At all events,
I have heard it asserted as a fact, that a female slave, who was
returning from Gætulia, was attacked by a number of lions in
the forests; upon which she summoned sufficient courage to address them, and said that she was a woman, a fugitive, helpless creature, that she implored the compassion of the most
generous of animals, the one that has the command of all the
others, and that she was a prey unworthy of their high repute
—and by these means effectually soothed their ferocity. There
are various opinions on this point, as to whether it is through
some peculiar disposition of the animal, or merely by accident,
that their fury is thus soothed by addressing them. As to
what is alleged, too, about serpents, that they can be drawn
from their holes by singing, and thus be made to yield themselves up to death, the truth or falsity of it has not by any
means been satisfactorily ascertained.
2
The tail of the lion gives indication of the state of his feelings,
just as the ears do in the horse; for these are the distinguishing
signs which Nature has given to each of the most generous of
animals. Hence it is that, when pleased, the tail is without
motion, and the animal fawns upon those who caress him; a
thing, however, that very rarely happens, for his most frequent state is that of rage. He begins by beating the earth
with his tail; and as he becomes more furious, he lashes his
sides, as if trying to excite himself. His greatest strength
is situate in the breast. From every wound that he makes,
whether it is with his claws or his teeth, a black blood issues.
3
When his hunger is satisfied, he becomes harmless. The generous disposition of the lion is more especially manifested in
time of danger; not only at the moment when, despising all
weapons, he long defends himself solely by the terror which he
inspires, and protests, as it were, that he is compelled thus to defend himself, but when he rises at last, not as though constrained
by danger, but as if enraged by the mad folly of his adversaries.
This, however, is a still more noble feature of his courage—however numerous the dogs and hunters may be that press
upon him, as he makes his retreat he comes to a stand every now
and then upon the level plain, while he is still in view, and
scowls contemptuously upon them: but as soon as ever he has
entered the thickets and dense forests, he scours away at the
swiftest possible pace, as though aware that the place itself
will shelter his shame. When in pursuit, the lion advances with
a leap, but he does not do so when in flight. When wounded,
he discovers, with wonderful sagacity, the person who struck the
blow, and will find him out, however great may have been the
multitude of his pursuers. If a person has thrown a dart at
him, but has failed to inflict a wound, the animal seizes him,
whirls him round and throws him to the ground, but without
wounding him. When the lioness is defending her whelps, it is
said that she fixes her eyes steadily on the ground, that she
may not be frightened at the spears of the hunters. In all
other respects, these animals are equally free from deceit and
suspicion. They never look at an object obliquely, and they
dislike being looked at themselves in such a manner. It is
generally believed, that, when the lion is dying, he bites at the
earth, and sheds tears at his fate.
4 Powerful, however, and
fierce as this animal is, he is terrified by the motion of wheels
or of an empty chariot, and still more on seeing the crest or
hearing the crowing of a cock;
5 but most of all, is he afraid of
fire. The only malady to which the lion is subject, is loss of
appetite; this, however, is cured by putting insults upon him,
by means of the pranks of monkeys placed about him, a thing
which rouses his anger; immediately he tastes their blood, he is
relieved.