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BOOK I.
BOOK II. AN ACCOUNT OF THE WORLD AND THE ELEMENTS.
BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK V.
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VI. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES
WHO NOW EXIST, OR FORMERLY EXISTED.
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS.
BOOK IX. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FISHES.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XI. THE VARIOUS KINDS OF INSECTS.
BOOK XII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TREES
BOOK XIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXOTIC TREES, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF UNGUENTS.
BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES.
BOOK XV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT-TREES.
BOOK XVI. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XVIII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF GRAIN.
BOOK XIX.
THE NATURE AND CULTIVATION OF FLAX, AND AN
ACCOUNT OF VARIOUS GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE GARDEN PLANTS.
BOOK XXI.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS. AND THOSE USED FOR
CHAPLETS MORE PARTICULARLY.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXIII.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE CULTIVATED TREES.
BOOK XXIV.
THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE FOREST TREES.
BOOK XXV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF WILD PLANT
BOOK XXVI.
A CONTINUATION OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM
PLANTS, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR
DISEASES.
BOOK XXVII.
A DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS, AND OF THE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THEM.
BOOK XXVIII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXIX.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXX.
REMEDIES DERIEVED FROM LIVING CREATURES.
BOOK XXXI.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM THE AQUATIC PRODUCTION
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
BOOK XXXIII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXIV.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS.
BOOK XXXV.
AN ACCOUNT OF PAINTINGS AND COLOURS.
BOOK XXXVI.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF STONES.
BOOK XXXVII.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES.
chapter:
CHAP. 1. (1.)—LUXURY DISPLAYED IN THE USE OF VARIOUS KINDS
OF MARBLE.
CHAP. 2.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO EMPLOY MARBLE IN PUBLIC
BUILDINGS.
CHAP. 3. (3.)—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ERECT COLUMNS OF
FOREIGN MARBLE AT ROME.
CHAP. 4. (4.)—THE FIRST ARTISTS WHO EXCELLED IN THE SCULPTURE
OF MARBLE, AND THE VARIOUS PERIODS AT WHICH THEY
FLOURISHED. THE MAUSOLEUM IN CARIA. THE MOST CELEBRATED
SCULPTORS AND WORKS IN MARBLE, TWO HUNDRED AND
TWENTY-FIVE IN NUMBER.
CHAP. 5. (6.)—AT WHAT PERIOD MARBLE WAS FIRST USED IN
BUILDINGS.
CHAP. 6.—WHO WERE THE FIRST TO CUT MARBLE INTO SLABS,
AND AT WHAT PERIOD.
CHAP. 7.—WHO WAS THE FIRST TO ENCRUST THE WALLS OF HOUSES
AT ROME WITH MARBLE.
CHAP. 8.—AT WHAT PERIOD THE VARIOUS KINDS OF MARBLE CAME
INTO USE AT ROME.
CHAP. 9.—THE METHOD OF CUTTING MARBLE INTO SLABS. THE
SAND USED IN CUTTING MARBLE.
CHAP. 10. (7.)—STONE OF NAXOS. STONE OF ARMENIA.
CHAP. 11.—THE MARBLES OF ALEXANDRIA.
CHAP. 12.—ONYX AND ALABASTRITES; SIX REMEDIES.
CHAP. 13.—LYGDINUS; CORALLITIC STONE; STONE OF ALABANDA;
STONE OF THEBAIS; STONE OF SYENE.
CHAP. 14.—OBELISKS.
CHAP. 15. (10.)—THE OBELISK WHICH SERVES AS A DIAL IN THE
CAMPUS MARTIUS.
CHAP. 16. (12.)—MARVELLOUS WORKS IN EGYPT. THE PYRAMIDS.
CHAP. 17.—THE EGYPTIAN SPHINX.
CHAP. 18.—THE PHAROS.
CHAP. 19. (13.)—LABYRINTHS.
CHAP. 20.—HANGING GARDENS. A HANGING CITY.
CHAP. 21. (14.)—THE TEMPLE OF DIANA AT EPHESUS.
CHAP. 22. (15.)—MARVELS CONNECTED WITH OTHER TEMPLES.
CHAP. 23.—THE FUGITIVE STONE. THE SEVEN-FOLD ECHO.
BUILDINGS ERECTED WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS.
CHAP. 24.—MARVELLOUS BUILDINGS AT ROME, EIGHTEEN IN NUMBER.
CHAP. 25. (16.)—THE MAGNET: THREE REMEDIES
CHAP. 26.—STONE OF SCYROS.
CHAP. 27. (17.)—SARCOPHAGUS, OR STONE OF ASSOS: TEN
REMEDIES.
CHAP. 28.—CHERNITES.
CHAP. 29. (18.)—OSSEOUS STONES. PALM STONES. CORANI.
BLACK STONES.
CHAP. 30.—MOLAR STONES. PYRITES; SEVEN REMEDIES.
CHAP. 31.—OSTRACITES; FOUR REMEDIES. AMIANTHUS; TWO
REMEDIES.
CHAP. 32.—GEODES; THREE REMEDIES.
CHAP. 33.—MELITINUS; SIX REMEDIES.
CHAP. 34.—GAGATES: SIX REMEDIES.
CHAP. 35.—SPONGITES: TWO REMEDIES.
CHAP. 36.—PHRYGIAN STONE.
CHAP. 37. (20.)—HÆMATITES: FIVE REMEDIES. SCHISTOS:
SEVEN REMEDIES.
CHAP. 38.—ÆTHIOPIC HÆMATITES. ANDRODAMAS; TWO REMEDIES.
ARABIAN HÆMATITES. MILTITES OR HEPATITES. ANTHRACITES.
CHAP. 39. (21)—AËTITES. TAPHIUSIAN STONE. CALLIMUS.
CHAP. 40.—SAMIAN STONE: EIGHT REMEDIES.
CHAP. 41.—ARABIAN STONE; SIX REMEDIES.
CHAP. 42.—PUMICE; NINE REMEDIES.
CHAP. 43. (22.)—STONES FOR MORTARS USED FOR MEDICINAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES. ETESIAN STONE. THEBAIC STONE. CHALAZIAN STONE.
CHAP. 44.—STONE OF SIPHNOS. SOFT STONES.
CHAP. 45.—SPECULAR STONES.
CHAP. 46.—PHENGITES.
CHAP. 47.—WHETSTONES.
CHAP. 48.—TOPHUS.
CHAP. 49.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF SILEX..
CHAP. 50.—OTHER STONES USED FOR BUILDING.
CHAP. 51.—THE VARIOUS METHODS OF BUILDING.
CHAP. 52. (23.)—CISTERNS.
CHAP. 53.—QUICK-LIME.
CHAP. 54.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF SAND. THE COMBINATIONS
OF SAND WITH LIME.
CHAP. 55.—DEFECTS IN BUILDING. PLASTERS FOR WALLS.
CHAP. 56.—COLUMNS. THE SEVERAL KINDS OF COLUMNS.
CHAP. 57. (24.)—FIVE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM LIME.
CHAP. 58.—MALTHA.
CHAP. 59.—gypsum.
CHAP. 60. (25.)—PAVEMENTS. THE ASAROTOS ŒCOS.
CHAP. 61.—THE FIRST PAVEMENTS IN USE AT ROME.
CHAP. 62.—TERRACE-ROOF PAVEMENTS.
CHAP. 63.—GRÆCANIC PAVEMENTS.
CHAP. 64.—AT WHAT PERIOD MOSAIC PAVEMENTS WERE FIRST
INVENTED. AT WHAT PERIOD ARCHED ROOFS WERE FIRST
DECORATED WITH GLASS.
CHAP. 65. (26.)—THE ORIGIN OF GLASS.
CHAP. 66.—THE VARIOUS KINDS OF GLASS, AND THE MODE OF
MAKING IT.
CHAP. 67.—OBSIAN GLASS AND OBSIAN STONE.
CHAP. 68. (27.)—MARVELLOUS FACTS CONNECTED WITH FIRE.
CHAP. 69.—THREE REMEDIES DERIVED FROM FIRE AND FROM ASHES.
CHAP. 70.—PRODIGIES CONNECTED WITH THE HEARTH.
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Table of Contents:
BOOK VII.
MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS.
BOOK X. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BIRDS.
BOOK XXII.
THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND FRUITS.
BOOK XXXII.
REMEDIES DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS.
1 From φεγγὸς, "brightness." Beckmann is of opinion that this was a calcareous or gypseous spar (Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 66); but Ajasson seems to think that it was very similar to Parian marble, which was sometimes called by this name.
2 This is more likely to apply to a white marble than to a calcareous or gypseous spar. Suetonius says, c. 14, that Domitian, when he suspected that plots were forming against him, caused the porticos in which he walked to be lined with Phengites, which by its reflection showed what was going on behind his back.
3 See B. xviii. c. 2.
4 See Chapter 24 of this Book.
5 Beckmann says, in reference to this passage, supposing that a kind of spar is meant by the word phengites—"It is probable that the openings of the walls of the building where the windows used to be, were in this instance filled up with phengites, which, by admitting a faint light, prevented the place from being dark, even when the doors were shut."—Hist. Inv. Vol. II. p. 66. Bohn's Edition.
The Natural History. Pliny the Elder. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855.
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