CHAP. 51.—THE MEROPS—PARTRIDGES.
No less, too, is the shrewdness displayed by those birds which
make their nests upon the ground, because, from the extreme
weight of their body, they are unable to fly aloft. There is a
bird, known as the "merops,"
1 which feeds its parents in
their retreat: the colour of the plumage on the inside is pale,
and azure without, while it is of a somewhat reddish hue at
the extremity of the wings: this bird builds its nest in a hole
which it digs to the depth of six feet.
Partridges
2 fortify their retreat so well with thorns and
shrubs, that it is effectually protected against beasts of prey.
They make a soft bed for their eggs by burying them in the
dust, but do not hatch them where they are laid: that no suspicion may arise from the fact of their being seen repeatedly
about the same spot, they carry them away to some other place.
The females also conceal themselves from their mates, in order
that they may not be delayed in the process of incubation, as
the males, in consequence of the warmth of their passions, are
apt to break the eggs. The males, thus deprived of the females,
fall to fighting among themselves; and it is said that the one
that is conquered, is treated as a female by the other. Trogus
Pompeius tells us that quails and dunghill cocks sometimes do
the same; and adds, that wild partridges, when newly caught,
or when beaten by the others, are trodden promiscuously by
the tame ones. Through the very pugnacity thus inspired by
the strength of their passions, these birds are often taken, as
the leader of the whole covey frequently advances to fight with
the decoy-Bird of the fowler; as soon as he is taken, another and
then another will advance, all of which are caught in their
turn. The females, again, are caught about the pairing season;
for then they will come forward to quarrel with the female
decoy-Bird of the fowler, and so drive her away. Indeed, in
no other animal is there any such susceptibility in the sexual
feelings; if the female only stands opposite to the male, while
the wind is blowing from that direction, she
3 will become impregnated; and during this time she is in a state of the
greatest excitement, the beak being wide open and the tongue
thrust out. The female will conceive also from the action of
the air, as the male flies above her, and very often from only
hearing his voice: indeed, to such a degree does passion get
the better of her affection for her offspring, that although at
the moment she is sitting furtively and in concealment, she
will, if she perceives the female decoy-Bird of the fowler approaching her mate, call him back, and summon him away
from the other, and voluntarily submit to his advances.
Indeed, these birds are often carried away by such frantic
madness, that they will settle, being quite blinded by fear,
4
upon the very head of the fowler. If he happens to move in
the direction of the nest, the female bird that is sitting will
run and throw herself before his feet, pretending to be over-heavy, or else weak in the loins, and then, suddenly running or flying for a short distance before him, will fall down
as though she had a wing broken, or else her feet; just as he
is about to catch her, she will then take another fly, and so
keep baffling him in his hopes, until she has led him to a considerable distance from her nest. As soon as she is rid of her
fears, and free from all maternal disquietude, she will throw
herself on her back in some furrow, and seizing a clod of
earth with her claws, cover herself all over. It is supposed
that the life of the partridge extends to sixteen years.