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61. Hasdrubal had not yet received definite tidings of this disaster when he crossed the Ebro with eight thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry, as though to confront the Romans at their first arrival; but on learning of the catastrophe at Cissis and the loss of the camp, he turned and marched in the direction of the sea. [2] Not far from Tarraco1 he came upon the soldiers of the fleet and the naval allies, who were dispersed and wandering over the country-side, with the carelessness which usually attends success; and sending out his cavalry in all directions he drove them, with much slaughter and more confusion, to their ships. [3] But not venturing to tarry longer in that region, lest Scipio should be down upon him, he retreated across the Ebro. [4] Scipio, hearing of these new enemies, did indeed march thither with all speed; but after punishing a few of the ships' captains, he left a garrison of moderate size in Tarraco and returned with the [p. 183]fleet to Emporiae. [5] No sooner was he gone than2 Hasdrubal appeared, and inciting the Ilergetes, who had given Scipio hostages, to revolt, he used the young men of this very tribe to lay waste the fields of the allies who were faithful to the Romans. [6] But this having roused Scipio from his winter quarters, he retreated again and abandoned all the territory north of the Ebro. Scipio invaded the country of the Ilergetes —left thus in the lurch by the instigator of their revolt —with fire and sword, and driving them all into the city of Atanagrus,3 the capital of that nation, laid siege to them. [7] Within a few days he had exacted more hostages of them than before, and mulcting them also in a sum of money, had received them under his authority and rule. [8] Thence he marched against the Ausetani, near the Ebro, who were likewise allies of the Phoenicians; and besieging their city, laid an ambush for the Lacetani, as they were bringing assistance to their neighbours, and fell upon them in the night, not far from the city, when they would have entered it. [9] The slain amounted to about twelve thousand; almost all the others lost their arms, and scattering over the fields in all directions, fled to their homes. As for the besieged, nothing could have saved them but a winter that was most unfavourable to the besiegers. [10] The blockade lasted thirty days, during which time the snow rarely lay less than four feet deep, and so completely had it covered the mantlets and pent-houses of the Romans that this alone was sufficient to protect them from the firebrands that were several times discharged upon them by the enemy. [11] Finally, when their chief Amusicus had fled and taken refuge with Hasdrubal, [p. 185]they made terms and surrendered, agreeing to pay4 twenty talents of silver. The Romans returned to Tarraco and went into winter quarters.5

1 Later (under Augustus) made the capital of the Roman province of Tarraconensis. There are still in existence remains of Iberian walls and of the Roman citadel, circus, amphitheatre, and water-system.

2 B.C. 218

3 Site unknown: perhaps not far from Ilerda (Lerida) on the Sicoris.

4 B.C. 218

5 Polybius knows nothing of the events recounted in §§ 5-11, but makes Scipio retire for the winter to Emporiae and Hasdrubal to Tarraco, at the conclusion of the campaign described by Livy in §§ 1-4. The source which Livy used for the latter part of the chapter was perhaps a Greek writer whose account of Hasdrubal's offensive was so different from that of Polybius that Livy thought that they related to two distinct campaigns. It is possible that Livy's immediate source in §§ 5-11 was Coelius and that the discomfiture of the Lacetani is an embellishment of the story due to the latter's patriotic inventiveness. See De Sanctis, pp. 184, 185.

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load focus Summary (Latin, Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D., 1929)
load focus Latin (Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D., 1929)
load focus Latin (W. Weissenborn, H. J. Müller, 1884)
load focus Latin (Robert Seymour Conway, Charles Flamstead Walters, 1929)
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load focus English (D. Spillan, A.M., M.D., Cyrus Evans, 1849)
hide References (39 total)
  • Commentary references to this page (10):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 31.14
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 32.33
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 31-32, commentary, 32.40
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 33.17
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 33.20
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 33-34, commentary, 34.6
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 35.21
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 36.41
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 35-38, commentary, 37.21
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita libri, erklärt von M. Weissenborn, books 43-44, commentary, 43.23
  • Cross-references to this page (18):
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Lacetani
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Plutei
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Senatus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Tarraco
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Amusitus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Athanagia
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Ausetani
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Vinearum
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Classici
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Hasdrubal
    • Titus Livius (Livy), Ab urbe condita, Index, Ilergetes
    • A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), PLU´TEUS
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ATHANA´GIA
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), EMPO´RIAE
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), ILERGE´TES
    • Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), TA´RRACO
    • Smith's Bio, Hasdrubal
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries to this page (11):
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