CHAPTER XI. ON AFFECTIONS OF THE WOMB, OR HYSTERICS.
THE uterus in women is beneficial for purgation and parturition,
but it is the common source of innumerable and bad
diseases; for not only is it subject to ulcers, inflammation, and
the fluor, but, if the whole organ be suddenly carried upwards,
it quickly causes death. The fatal diseases of an acute nature
connected therewith have been described elsewhere: but the
chronic affections are, the two species of
fluor; hardness;
ulcers, part mild, but part malignant; prolapsus of the whole,
or of part.
The
fluor, then, is either of a red or white colour; its appearance
indicates this. It is the red if it consist of bright
red blood, and the varieties thereof; or livid, or black and
thin, or thick and coagulated, like a thrombus; or white, like
water; or a bright ochre colour, like bile: in thickness like a
thinnish or thin and fetid ichor. The white flux (or
fluor
albus) is like pus, and the true form like white whey; but a
clot of blood frequently runs off with the pus. But there is an
infinite variety of forms of it, as regards more or less quantity.
Its periods sometimes agree with those of the menstrual purgation,
but it does not continue the regular time as before; there
is not much blood, but it flows during many days; the interval
is for a few days, but is quite free from discharge. Another
variety as to the period: the first purgation is at the regular
time, but it occurs two or three times during each month.
Another variety: a continual flux; small, indeed, every day,
but by no means small during the whole month; for the
uterus never closes its mouth, labouring under relaxation, so
as to permit the flow of the fluid: but if it neither intermits
nor diminishes, they die of hemorrhage. The symptoms are,
the woman's colour in accordance with those of the discharge;
sleepless, loathes food, anxious, relaxed, especially in the red
flux, and subject to pains; the discharge fetid in both varieties,
but to a greater and less extent at different times; for the
white is worse if the putrefaction be unusually great; and
sometimes the red, if the erosion be exacerbated. In a word,
the black is the worst of all; the livid next; the pale, the
white, and the purulent, are more protracted, indeed, but less
dangerous. Of these the pale is worse indeed, but much
better when mixed with the customary discharge. Now the
customary discharge is red in all its varieties. But, indeed,
the red are worse in old women; but the white are not at all
so to the young; but even to them that which is customary is
less troublesome. Another white fluor: the menstrual discharge
white, acrid, and attended with an agreeable pruritus;
along with which the discharge of a white thick fluid, like
semen, is provoked. This species we call female gonorrhœa.
It is a refrigeration of the womb, which therefore becomes
incapable of retaining its fluids; hence, also, the blood changes
to a white colour, for it has not the purple colour of fire. The
stomach, also, is subject to the affection, and vomits phlegm;
and also the bowels are similarly affected in diarrhœa.
Ulcers, too, are formed in the womb; some broad and attended
with tingling, which, being close together, are, as it were, a
superficial excoriation; pus thick, without smell, scanty. These
ulcers are mild. But there are others deeper and worse than
these, in which the pains are slight, pus somewhat more abundant,
much more fetid, and yet, notwithstanding, these also
are mild. But if they become deeper, and the lips of the
sores hard or rough, if there is a fetid ichor, and pain stronger
than in the former case, the ulcer corrodes the uterus; but
sometimes a small piece of flesh is cast off and discharged, and
this sore not coming to cicatrization, either proves fatal after a
long time, or becomes very chronic. This sore gets the appellation
of
phagedæna. The sores also are dangerous if in these
cases the pain gets exacerbated, and the woman becomes
uneasy. From the sore there is discharged a putrid matter,
intolerable even to themselves; it is exasperated by touching
and by medicines, and irritated by almost any mode of treatment.
The veins in the uterus are swelled up with distension
of the surrounding parts. To the skilled, it is not difficult to
recognise by the touch, for it is not otherwise obvious. Febrile
heat, general restlessness, and hardness is present, as in malignant
diseases; the ulcers, being of a fatal nature, obtain also
the appellation of cancers. Another cancer: no ulceration
anywhere, swelling hard and untractable, which distends the
whole uterus; but there are pains also in the other parts which
it drags to it. Both these carcinomatous sores are chronic and
deadly; but the ulcerated is worse than the unulcerated, both
in smell and pains, in life and in death.
Sometimes the whole uterus has protruded from its seat,
and lodged on the woman's thighs; an incredible affliction! yet
neither has the uterus not been thus seen, nor are the causes
which produce it such as do not occur. For the membranes
which are inserted into the flanks, being the nervous (
ligamentous?)
supporters of the uterus, are relaxed; those at the fundus,
which are inserted into the loins, are narrow; but those at its
neck, on each side to the flanks, are particularly nervous and
broad, like the sails of a ship. All these, then, give way if
the uterus protrude outwardly, wherefore this
procidentia generally
proves fatal; for it takes place from abortion, great concussions,
and laborious parturition. Or if it do not prove
fatal, the women live for a long time, seeing parts which
ought not to be seen, and nursing externally and fondling the
womb. It would appear that, of the double membrane of the
womb, the internal lining coat is sometimes torn from the
contiguous one, for there are two transverse plates of the coat;
this, then, is thrown off with the flux, and in abortion and
laborious parturition, when it adheres to the placenta. For if
it be forcibly pulled, the coat of the uterus being stretched,
..... But if the woman do not die, it is either restored to
its seat, or but a small part appears externally, for the woman
conceals it with her thighs. Sometimes the mouth of the
womb only, as far as the neck, protrudes, and retreats inwardly
if the uterus be made to smell to a fetid fumigation; and the
woman also attracts it if she smells to fragrant odours. But
by the hands of the midwife it readily returns inwards when
gently pressed, and if anointed beforehand with the emollient
plasters for the womb.