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[10]
Hence some persons hold,1 that while it is proper for the lawgiver to encourage and exhort men to virtue on
moral grounds, in the expectation that those who have had a virtuous moral upbringing will
respond, yet he is bound to impose chastisement and penalties on the disobedient and
ill-conditioned, and to banish the incorrigible out of the state altogether.2 For （they argue） although the virtuous man, who guides his life
by moral ideals, will be obedient to reason, the base, whose desires are fixed on
pleasure, must be chastised by pain, like a beast of burden. This indeed is the ground for
the view that the pains and penalties for transgressors should be such as are most opposed
to their favorite pleasures.
Aristotle in 23 Volumes, Vol. 19, translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1934.
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