[
585a]
they truly think themselves to be, and really
are, in a state of pain, but, when they move from pain to the middle and
neutral state, they intensely believe that they are approaching fulfillment
and pleasure, and just as if, in ignorance of white, they were comparing
grey with black,
1 so, being inexperienced
in true pleasure, they are deceived by viewing painlessness in its relation
to pain?” “No, by Zeus,” he said,
“it would not surprise me, but far rather if it were not
so.” “In this way, then, consider it.
2 Are
not hunger and thirst and similar states inanitions or emptinesses
3
[
585b]
of the bodily habit?”
“Surely.” “And is not ignorance and folly in
turn a kind of emptiness of the habit of the soul?” “It
is indeed.” “And he who partakes of nourishment
4 and he who gets, wisdom fills the
void and is filled?” “Of course.”
“And which is the truer filling and fulfillment, that of the less
or of the more real being?” “Evidently that of the more
real.” “And which of the two groups or kinds do you
think has a greater part in pure essence, the class of foods, drinks, and
relishes and nourishment generally, or the kind of true opinion,
5
[
585c]
knowledge and reason,
6 and, in
sum, all the things that are more excellent
7? Form your judgement thus.
Which do you think more truly is, that which clings to what is ever like
itself and immortal and to the truth, and that which is itself of such a
nature and is born in a thing of that nature, or that which clings to what
is mortal and never the same and is itself such and is born in such a
thing?” “That which cleaves to what is ever the same far
surpasses,” he said. “Does the essence of that which
never abides the same partake of real essence any more than of
knowledge?” “By no means.” “Or of
truth and reality?” “Not of that, either.”
“And if a thing has less of truth has it not also less of real
essence or existence?” “Necessarily.”
“And is it not generally true
[
585d]
that the kinds concerned with the service of the body partake less of
truth and reality than those that serve the soul?” “Much
less.” “And do you not think that the same holds of the
body itself in comparison with the soul?” “I
do.” “Then is not that which is fulfilled of what more
truly is, and which itself more truly is, more truly filled and satisfied
than that which being itself less real is filled with more unreal
things?” “Of course.” “If, then, to
be filled with what befits nature is pleasure, then that which is more
really filled with real things
[
585e]
would
more really and truly cause us to enjoy a true pleasure, while that which
partakes of the less truly existent would be less truly and surely filled
and would partake of a less trustworthy and less true pleasure.”
“Most inevitably,” he said. “Then those who
have no experience