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[573a] of his idle and prodigal1 appetites, a monstrous winged2 drone. Or do you think the spirit of desire in such men is aught else?” “Nothing but that,” he said. “And when the other appetites, buzzing3 about it, replete with incense and myrrh and chaplets and wine, and the pleasures that are released in such revelries, magnifying and fostering it to the utmost, awaken in the drone the sting of unsatisfied yearnings,4 why then this protector of the soul has madness for his body-guard and runs amuck,5 and if it finds in the man [573b] any opinions or appetites accounted6 worthy and still capable of shame, it slays them and thrusts them forth until it purges7 him of sobriety, and fills and infects him with frenzy brought in from outside.8” “A perfect description,” he said, “of the generation of the tyrannical man.” “And is not this analogy,” said I, “the reason why Love has long since been called a tyrant9?” “That may well be,” he said. “And does not a drunken man,10 my friend,” I said, [573c] “have something of this tyrannical temper?” “Yes, he has.” “And again the madman, the deranged man, attempts and expects to rule over not only men but gods.” “Yes indeed, he does,” he said. “Then a man becomes tyrannical in the full sense of the word, my friend,” I said, “when either by nature or by habits or by both he has become even as the drunken, the erotic, the maniacal.” “Assuredly.”

“Such, it seems, is his origin and character,11 but what is his manner of life?” “As the wits say, [573d] you shall tell me.12” “I do,” I said; “for, I take it, next there are among them feasts and carousals and revellings and courtesans13 and all the doings of those whose14 souls are entirely swayed15 by the indwelling tyrant Eros.” “Inevitably,” he said. “And do not many and dread appetites shoot up beside this master passion every day and night in need of many things?” “Many indeed.” “And so any revenues there may be are quickly expended.” “Of course.” “And after this [573e] there are borrowings and levyings16 upon the estate?” “Of course.” “And when all these resources fail, must there not come a cry from the frequent and fierce nestlings17 of desire hatched in his soul, and must not such men, urged, as it were by goads, by the other desires, and especially by the ruling passion itself as captain of their bodyguard—to keep up the figure—must they not run wild and look to see who has aught that can be taken from him by deceit

1 For τὰ ἕτοιμα cf. 552 B, Symp. 200 D and E, and Horace, Odes i. 31. 17 “frui paratis.”

2 Cf. Alc. I. 135 Eἔρωτα ὑπόπτερον and the fragment of Eubulus (fr. 41, Kock ii. p. 178): τίς ἦν γράψας πρῶτος ἀνθρώπων ἄρα κηροπλαστήσας Ἔρωθ᾽ ὑπόπτερον

3 Cf. 564 D.

4 Cf. Phaedrus 253 E.

5 For οἰστρᾷ Cf. Phaedr. 240 D.

6 For ποιουμένας in this sense cf. 538 C, 498 A, 574 D.

7 Cf. on 560 D, p. 299, note c.

8 ἐπακτοῦ: cf. 405 B, Pindar, Pyth. vi. 10, Aesch.Seven against Thebes 583, Soph.Trach. 259.

9 Cf. 573 D, Eurip.Hippol. 538, Andromeda, fr. 136 (Nauck)θεῶν τύραννε . . . Ἔρως, and What Plato Said, p. 546 on Symp. 197 B.

10 For drunkenness as a tyrannical mood Cf. Laws 649 B, 671 B, Phaedr, 238 B.

11 Cf. Adam ad loc., who insists it means his origin as well as that of others, and says his character is still to be described. But it has been in C and before.

12 Cf. Phileb. 25 B and perhaps Rep. 427 E with 449 D. The slight jest is a commonplace today. Wilamowitz, Platon, ii. p. 351, says it is a fragment of an elegy. He forgets the Philebus.

13 Cf. Vol. I. p 160, note a on 373 A. Emendations are superfluous.

14 ὦν ἄν: cf. 441 D-Eὅτου, etc., 583 A ἐν and my review of Jowett and Campbell, A.J.P. xvi. p. 237.

15 Cf. Phaedr. 238 B-C.

16 For παραιρέσεις cf. Thuc. i. 122. 1, Aristot.Pol. 1311 a 12, 1315 a 38.

17 ἐννενεοττευμένας Cf. AIc. I. 135 E, Laws 776 A, 949 C, Aristoph.Birds 699, 1108.

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