1 The force of the ἤδη γεis not clear. Kennedy translates it “for the first time,” presumably meaning the first time that Athens has ever taken instructions from Macedonia. The previous paragraph suggests that Dem. is insinuating that Philip, whose aim was to keep the Athenians inactive, deferred the invitation till it was too late for them to put a force in the field, whether to support Philip or the Phocians.
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