Such, then, are the possible interpretations
which these facts suggest. But now let us begin over
again, and consider first the most perspicuous of those
who have a reputation for expounding matters more
philosophically. These men are like the Greeks who
say that Cronus is but a figurative name for Chronus
1
(Time), Hera for Air, and that the birth of Hephaestus
symbolizes the change of Air into Fire.
2 And thus
among the Egyptians such men say that Osiris is the
[p. 79]
Nile consorting with the Earth, which is Isis, and that
the sea is Typhon into which the Nile discharges its
waters and is lost to view and dissipated, save for that
part which the earth takes up and absorbs and thereby
becomes fertilized.
3
There is also a religious lament sung over Cronus.
4
The lament is for him that is born in the regions on
the left, and suffers dissolution in the regions on the
right; for the Egyptians believe that the eastern
regions are the face of the world, the northern the
right, and the southern the left.
5 The Nile, therefore,
which runs from the south and is swallowed up by the
sea in the north, is naturally said to have its birth on
the left and its dissolution on the right. For this
reason the priests religiously keep themselves aloof
from the sea, and call salt the ‘spume of Typhon’ ;
and one of the things forbidden them is to set salt upon
a table
6; also they do not speak to pilots,
7 because
these men make use of the sea, and gain their livelihood from the sea. This is also not the least of the
reasons why they eschew fish,
8 and they portray hatred
by drawing the picture of a fish. At Saïs in the vestibule of the temple of Athena was carved a babe and
an aged man, and after this a hawk, and next a fish,
and finally an hippopotamus. The symbolic meaning
of this was
9: ‘O ye that are coming into the world
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and departing from it, God hateth shamelessness.’
The babe is the symbol of coming into the world and
the aged man the symbol of departing from it, and by
a hawk they indicate God,
10 by the fish hatred, as has
already been said,
11 because of the sea, and by the
hippopotamus shamelessness ; for it is said that he
kills his sire
12 and forces his mother to mate with him.
That saying of the adherents of Pythagoras, that the
sea is a tear of Cronus,
13 may seem to hint at its impure
and extraneous nature.
Let this, then, be stated incidentally, as a matter
of record that is common knowledge.